ABSTRACT
Objective:To investigate the effect of high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation(rTMS)on cue attention in male patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD) after the acute withdrawal.Methods:A total of 90 male patients AUD who were hospitalized in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University and Psychiatric Hospital of Yunnan province from May 2020 to December 2020 were enrolled, then they were divided into study group and control group using random number table.Because 18 cases fell out during the study, 36 cases were included in each of the two groups.After the alcohol withdrawal syndrome eliminated, the study group received high-frequency rTMS at 10 Hz for 14 consecutive days, and the control group was administrated by sham rTMS.At baseline and after true or sham rTMS, the cognitive psychology experiment Oddball paradigm was completed, and the behavioral data of the subjects were collected.Paired-sample t-test was used to compare the changes of the two groups before and after treatment.Data analysis were conducted using SPSS 21.0 software. Results:There was no statistical difference between the study group and the control group in terms of drinking level, cognition level and demographic data(all P>0.05). In the Oddball paradigm, compared with the control group((526.72±75.30)ms, (0.98±0.02))the reaction time((497.93±64.51)ms, t=3.145, P=0.008) and accuracy rate((0.99±0.01), t=-2.803, P=0.016) in alcohol-related cues were significantly improved in the study group after rTMS intervention, but in the control group, there were no statistical differences(both P>0.05), whether the cue was alcohol related or not. Conclusion:The results suggest that the rTMS can enhance the attention bias of alcohol-related cues and change the impulse process partly.
ABSTRACT
Introdução: O tempo de reação é uma medida que indica o tempo que uma pessoa leva para iniciar um movimento. Há situações em que o tempo de reação encontra-se alterado, comprometendo o processamento da informação, com diminuição na detecção, transmissão e processamento dos estímulos. Objetivo: Investigar o tempo de reação visual em acadêmicos antes e após atividades avaliativas, nas diversas disciplinas. Metodologia: 50 acadêmicos foram analisados antes e após atividades avaliativas por meio do tempo de reação simples e paradigma oddball. Resultados: Com relação ao tempo de reação simples, o tempo de reação visual antes das atividades avaliativas foi menor que após, em contradição com o paradigma oddball. Verificou-se que a média geral do tempo de reação simples para prova prática foi maior comparado às demais, já no paradigma oddball verificou-se que a média geral para apresentação de seminário foi maior, comparado às demais. Conclusão: Diferenças significativas no tempo de reação simples e tempo de reação segundo paradigma oddball foram encontrados entre acadêmicos antes e após atividades avaliativas. Porém no tempo de reação simples foram encontrados valores menores antes das atividades, quando comparados com após, e o contrário foi encontrado no paradigma oddball. (AU)
Introduction: Reaction time is a measure of how long a person takes to start a movement. There are situations in which the reaction time is altered, compromising the information processing, with a decrease in the detection, transmission and processing of the stimuli. Objective: To investigate the time of visual reaction in academics before and after evaluative activities in different disciplines. Methodology: 50 academics were analyzed before and after evaluative activities through simple reaction time and oddball paradigm. Results: Relative to the time of simple reaction, the visual reaction time before the evaluative activities was smaller than after, in contradiction with the oddball paradigm. It was verified that the general mean of the simple reaction time for practical test was higher compared to the others, already in the oddball paradigm it was verified that the general average for seminar presentation was higher, compared to the others. Conclusion: Significant differences in the time of simple reaction and reaction time according to the oddball paradigm were found among academics before and after evaluative activities. However, in the simple reaction time smaller values were found before the activities, when compared with after, and the opposite was found in the oddball paradigm. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Reaction Time , Students , Electronic Data Processing , MovementABSTRACT
This paper presents an application developed on the BCI2000 platform which reduces the average spelling time per symbol on the Donchin speller. The motivation was to reduce the compromise between spelling rate and spelling accuracy due to the large amount of responses required in order to perform coherent average techniques. The methodology was made under a Bayesian approach which allows calculation of each target's class posterior probability. This result indicates the probability of each response of belonging to the infrequent class. When there is enough evidence to make a decision the system stops the stimulation process and moves on with the next symbol, otherwise it continues stimulating the user until it finds the selected letter. The average spelling rate, after using the proposed methodology with 14 healthy users and a maximum number of 5 stimulation sequences, was of 6.1 ± 0.63 char/min, compared to a constant rate of 3.93 char/min with the standard system.
Este trabajo presenta una aplicación desarrollada sobre la plataforma BCI2000 que disminuye el tiempo promedio de selección de los símbolos del deletreador de Donchin. La motivación consistió en reducir el compromiso entre la taza de deletreo y la precisión correspondiente, la cual surge como consecuencia de la gran cantidad de respuestas necesarias para realizar técnicas de promediación coherente. La metodología propuesta se basa en un enfoque Bayesiano que permite calcular la probabilidad posterior asociada con la clasificación de cada objetivo, resultado que indica la evidencia que presentan las respuestas de pertenecer a la clase infrecuente. Cuando existe evidencia suficiente para tomar una decisión, el sistema detiene el proceso de estimulación y continúa con el siguiente símbolo, de lo contrario permanece estimulando al usuario hasta conseguir identificar la letra seleccionada. Después de utilizar la metodología propuesta sobre los registros de 14 usuarios sanos con un número máximo de 5 series de estimulación, el tiempo promedio de deletreo reportado es de 6.1 ± 0.63 letras/min, el cual es comparado con una taza constante de 3.93 letras/min obtenido con un sistema convencional.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to determine how human neural activity might be changed through auditory short-term training when listening to novel stimuli. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Among the twenty young normal hearing adult listeners who participated, ten were randomly assigned to a training group and ten were assigned to a non-training group as a control. Two synthesized novel stimuli were used: /su/ and /integralu/. Both stimuli similarly sounded like /su/, but had two different onset transition frequencies and fricative pole frequencies. In the experiment, behavioral identification test (i.e., /su/ vs. /integralu/) and the mismatch negativity (MMN) were measured before and after training for the training group. To gauge the training effect, the listeners in the training group were taught by discrimination and identification of two novel stimuli for about 20 minutes. RESULTS: The results showed that scores for the behavioral test increased significantly after auditory short-term training. Also, onset latency, duration, and area of the MMN were significantly changed when elicited by the training stimuli. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicated that auditory short-term training could change human neural activity, suggesting future clinical applications for auditory training.